{"id":159,"date":"2026-09-15T17:46:38","date_gmt":"2026-09-15T15:46:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lapasa.pl\/?p=159"},"modified":"2026-09-15T17:47:23","modified_gmt":"2026-09-15T15:47:23","slug":"narzad-zucia-wstep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lapasa.pl\/?p=159","title":{"rendered":"Narz\u0105d \u017cucia &#8211; wst\u0119p"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"http:\/\/lapasa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Infografika-przedstawiajaca-uklad-stomatognatyczny-683x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-157\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lapasa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Infografika-przedstawiajaca-uklad-stomatognatyczny-683x1024.png 683w, https:\/\/lapasa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Infografika-przedstawiajaca-uklad-stomatognatyczny-200x300.png 200w, https:\/\/lapasa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Infografika-przedstawiajaca-uklad-stomatognatyczny-768x1152.png 768w, https:\/\/lapasa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Infografika-przedstawiajaca-uklad-stomatognatyczny.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Uk\u0142adu stomatognatycznego<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Narz\u0105d \u017cucia nie dzia\u0142a samodzielnie. Jest cz\u0119\u015bci\u0105 <strong>uk\u0142adu stomatognatycznego<\/strong>, kt\u00f3ry wsp\u00f3\u0142pracuje z kilkoma uk\u0142adami organizmu. Dzi\u0119ki tej wsp\u00f3\u0142pracy mo\u017cliwe s\u0105: pobieranie, rozdrabnianie i po\u0142ykanie pokarmu, mowa, oddychanie oraz ochrona dr\u00f3g oddechowych.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;autoclose&quot;: false, &quot;accordionItems&quot;: [] }\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/accordion\" role=\"group\" class=\"wp-block-accordion is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-is-layout-flow\">\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-1&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading has-icon has-icon-right\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-1-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-1\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">1. Uk\u0142ad stomatognatyczny<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-1\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-1-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To g\u0142\u00f3wny zesp\u00f3\u0142 struktur narz\u0105du \u017cucia. Obejmuje:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>z\u0119by i przyz\u0119bie,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>szcz\u0119k\u0119 i \u017cuchw\u0119,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>stawy skroniowo-\u017cuchwowe,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>mi\u0119\u015bnie \u017cucia,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>j\u0119zyk, wargi, policzki i podniebienie,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u015blinianki,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>naczynia krwiono\u015bne i nerwy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Struktury te wsp\u00f3\u0142pracuj\u0105 podczas \u017cucia, po\u0142ykania, m\u00f3wienia i utrzymywania prawid\u0142owego kszta\u0142tu twarzy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-2&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading has-icon has-icon-right\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-2-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-2\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">2. Uk\u0142ad kostno-stawowy<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-2\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-2-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Szkielet zapewnia podpor\u0119 i umo\u017cliwia wykonywanie ruch\u00f3w \u017cuchwy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Najwa\u017cniejsze elementy to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>szcz\u0119ka \u2014 nieruchoma ko\u015b\u0107, w kt\u00f3rej znajduj\u0105 si\u0119 z\u0119by g\u00f3rne;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u017cuchwa \u2014 jedyna ruchoma ko\u015b\u0107 czaszki;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ko\u015b\u0107 skroniowa \u2014 tworzy cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 stawu skroniowo-\u017cuchwowego;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>stawy skroniowo-\u017cuchwowe \u2014 umo\u017cliwiaj\u0105 otwieranie i zamykanie ust, wysuwanie i cofanie \u017cuchwy oraz ruchy boczne.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Stawy i wi\u0119zad\u0142a stabilizuj\u0105 \u017cuchw\u0119, a kr\u0105\u017cek stawowy amortyzuje obci\u0105\u017cenia podczas \u017cucia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-3&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading has-icon has-icon-right\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-3-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-3\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">3. Uk\u0142ad mi\u0119\u015bniowy<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-3\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-3-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mi\u0119\u015bnie wykonuj\u0105 ruchy \u017cuchwy i j\u0119zyka. G\u0142\u00f3wne mi\u0119\u015bnie \u017cucia to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>mi\u0119sie\u0144 \u017cwacz,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>mi\u0119sie\u0144 skroniowy,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>mi\u0119sie\u0144 skrzyd\u0142owy przy\u015brodkowy,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>mi\u0119sie\u0144 skrzyd\u0142owy boczny.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mi\u0119\u015bnie pomocnicze, zw\u0142aszcza nadgnykowe i podgnykowe, pomagaj\u0105 otwiera\u0107 usta, stabilizowa\u0107 \u017cuchw\u0119 i ko\u015b\u0107 gnykow\u0105. Mi\u0119\u015bnie j\u0119zyka i policzk\u00f3w przesuwaj\u0105 pokarm i utrzymuj\u0105 go mi\u0119dzy z\u0119bami.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-4&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading has-icon has-icon-right\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-4-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-4\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">4. Uk\u0142ad nerwowy<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-4\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-4-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Uk\u0142ad nerwowy kontroluje ruchy, czucie i odruchy zwi\u0105zane z \u017cuciem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Najwa\u017cniejszy jest nerw tr\u00f3jdzielny, kt\u00f3ry:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>unerwia mi\u0119\u015bnie \u017cucia;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>przewodzi czucie z z\u0119b\u00f3w, dzi\u0105se\u0142, jamy ustnej i staw\u00f3w;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>odbiera informacje o nacisku, b\u00f3lu i temperaturze.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wa\u017cn\u0105 rol\u0119 odgrywaj\u0105 tak\u017ce:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>nerw twarzowy \u2014 kontroluje mi\u0119\u015bnie warg i policzk\u00f3w;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>nerw j\u0119zykowo-gard\u0142owy \u2014 uczestniczy w czuciu gard\u0142a i po\u0142ykaniu;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>nerw b\u0142\u0119dny \u2014 kontroluje gard\u0142o, krta\u0144 i ochron\u0119 dr\u00f3g oddechowych;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>nerw podj\u0119zykowy \u2014 steruje ruchami j\u0119zyka.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pie\u0144 m\u00f3zgu koordynuje rytmiczne \u017cucie oraz odruch po\u0142ykania, a kora m\u00f3zgowa umo\u017cliwia \u015bwiadome rozpocz\u0119cie i zako\u0144czenie \u017cucia.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-5&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading has-icon has-icon-right\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-5-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-5\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">5. Uk\u0142ad pokarmowy<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-5\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-5-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jama ustna jest pierwszym odcinkiem uk\u0142adu pokarmowego. Z\u0119by mechanicznie rozdrabniaj\u0105 pokarm, a j\u0119zyk miesza go ze \u015blin\u0105 i formuje k\u0119s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u015alina:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>nawil\u017ca pokarm;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>u\u0142atwia jego po\u0142kni\u0119cie;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>rozpuszcza substancje odpowiedzialne za smak;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>rozpoczyna trawienie skrobi dzi\u0119ki amylazie;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>chroni b\u0142on\u0119 \u015bluzow\u0105 i szkliwo.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Po uformowaniu k\u0119sa j\u0119zyk przesuwa go do gard\u0142a, gdzie rozpoczyna si\u0119 po\u0142ykanie.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-6&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading has-icon has-icon-right\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-6-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-6\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">6. Uk\u0142ad oddechowy<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-6\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-6-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Uk\u0142ad oddechowy nie jest cz\u0119\u015bci\u0105 narz\u0105du \u017cucia, ale korzysta z cz\u0119\u015bci wsp\u00f3lnych, takich jak:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>jama ustna,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>gard\u0142o,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>podniebienie mi\u0119kkie,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>krta\u0144.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Podczas \u017cucia cz\u0142owiek zwykle oddycha przez nos. W czasie po\u0142ykania podniebienie mi\u0119kkie zamyka przej\u015bcie do jamy nosowej, a nag\u0142o\u015bnia pomaga chroni\u0107 wej\u015bcie do krtani. Zapobiega to przedostaniu si\u0119 pokarmu do tchawicy i p\u0142uc.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-7&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading has-icon has-icon-right\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-7-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-7\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">7. Uk\u0142ad kr\u0105\u017cenia<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-7\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-7-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Naczynia krwiono\u015bne dostarczaj\u0105 tlen i sk\u0142adniki od\u017cywcze do:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>miazgi z\u0119bowej,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>dzi\u0105se\u0142 i przyz\u0119bia,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>mi\u0119\u015bni \u017cucia,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>j\u0119zyka,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>b\u0142ony \u015bluzowej jamy ustnej,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>staw\u00f3w skroniowo-\u017cuchwowych.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Krew odbiera r\u00f3wnie\u017c produkty przemiany materii. Zaburzenia kr\u0105\u017cenia mog\u0105 pogarsza\u0107 gojenie ran i zwi\u0119ksza\u0107 ryzyko chor\u00f3b tkanek jamy ustnej.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-8&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading has-icon has-icon-right\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-8-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-8\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">8. Uk\u0142ad limfatyczny i odporno\u015bciowy<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-8\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-8-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jama ustna jest miejscem kontaktu organizmu ze \u015brodowiskiem zewn\u0119trznym, dlatego uk\u0142ad odporno\u015bciowy chroni j\u0105 przed drobnoustrojami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">W ochronie uczestnicz\u0105:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u015blina i jej sk\u0142adniki przeciwdrobnoustrojowe;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>b\u0142ona \u015bluzowa;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>migda\u0142ki i tkanka limfatyczna gard\u0142a;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>w\u0119z\u0142y ch\u0142onne g\u0142owy i szyi;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>kom\u00f3rki odporno\u015bciowe dzi\u0105se\u0142 i przyz\u0119bia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Uk\u0142ad limfatyczny odprowadza nadmiar p\u0142ynu tkankowego i uczestniczy w reakcjach obronnych, na przyk\u0142ad podczas zapalenia dzi\u0105se\u0142.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-9&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading has-icon has-icon-right\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-9-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-9\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">9. Uk\u0142ad czuciowy<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-9\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-9-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Receptory w z\u0119bach, wi\u0119zadle przyz\u0119bnym, j\u0119zyku, policzkach i stawach przekazuj\u0105 informacje o:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>twardo\u015bci pokarmu;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>jego temperaturze;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>po\u0142o\u017ceniu k\u0119sa;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>sile nacisku;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>b\u00f3lu i uszkodzeniu tkanek.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dzi\u0119ki temu uk\u0142ad nerwowy mo\u017ce natychmiast zmieni\u0107 si\u0142\u0119 \u017cucia. Na przyk\u0142ad przy nagryzieniu bardzo twardego przedmiotu mi\u0119\u015bnie zmniejszaj\u0105 nacisk, aby chroni\u0107 z\u0119by.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-10&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading has-icon has-icon-right\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-10-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-10\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">10. Uk\u0142ad wydzielniczy<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-10\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-10-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Najwa\u017cniejsze s\u0105 \u015blinianki:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>przyuszne,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>pod\u017cuchwowe,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>podj\u0119zykowe,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ma\u0142e gruczo\u0142y \u015blinowe.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Produkuj\u0105 \u015blin\u0119 potrzebn\u0105 do nawil\u017cania pokarmu, odczuwania smaku, trawienia i ochrony jamy ustnej. Ich prac\u0119 kontroluje g\u0142\u00f3wnie autonomiczny uk\u0142ad nerwowy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-11&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading has-icon has-icon-right\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-11-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-11\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">11. Uk\u0142ad mowy i komunikacji<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-11\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-11-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Narz\u0105d \u017cucia wsp\u00f3\u0142pracuje z krtani\u0105, j\u0119zykiem, wargami, z\u0119bami i podniebieniem podczas m\u00f3wienia. Z\u0119by i j\u0119zyk pomagaj\u0105 tworzy\u0107 okre\u015blone g\u0142oski, a wargi i podniebienie kszta\u0142tuj\u0105 przep\u0142yw powietrza oraz rezonans g\u0142osu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-class--is-open=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-context=\"{ &quot;id&quot;: &quot;accordion-item-12&quot;, &quot;openByDefault&quot;: false }\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.initAccordionItems\" data-wp-on-window--hashchange=\"callbacks.hashChange\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-item is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-item-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading has-icon has-icon-right\"><button aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-item-12-panel\" data-wp-bind--aria-expanded=\"state.isOpen\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.toggle\" id=\"accordion-item-12\" type=\"button\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle\"><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-title\">Podsumowanie<\/span><span class=\"wp-block-accordion-heading__toggle-icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/button><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div aria-labelledby=\"accordion-item-12\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"state.isHidden\" data-wp-on--beforematch=\"actions.handleBeforeMatch\" id=\"accordion-item-12-panel\" role=\"region\" class=\"wp-block-accordion-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-accordion-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Narz\u0105d \u017cucia \u0142\u0105czy dzia\u0142anie uk\u0142adu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>kostno-stawowego,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>mi\u0119\u015bniowego,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>nerwowego,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>pokarmowego,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>oddechowego,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>kr\u0105\u017cenia,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>limfatycznego i odporno\u015bciowego,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>czuciowego,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>wydzielniczego,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>zwi\u0105zanego z mow\u0105.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Najwa\u017cniejsza zasada brzmi: ko\u015bci tworz\u0105 podpor\u0119, mi\u0119\u015bnie wykonuj\u0105 ruch, nerwy steruj\u0105 i odbieraj\u0105 czucie, \u015blina przygotowuje pokarm, a uk\u0142ad pokarmowy i oddechowy wsp\u00f3\u0142pracuj\u0105 podczas po\u0142ykania.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Narz\u0105d \u017cucia<\/strong> \u2014 nazywany tak\u017ce uk\u0142adem stomatognatycznym \u2014 to zesp\u00f3\u0142 narz\u0105d\u00f3w i tkanek odpowiedzialnych przede wszystkim za odgryzanie, rozdrabnianie i przygotowanie pokarmu do po\u0142kni\u0119cia. Uczestniczy r\u00f3wnie\u017c w mowie, oddychaniu, po\u0142ykaniu oraz wyra\u017caniu emocji.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" src=\"http:\/\/lapasa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/BlYWQUAPdzQ6z99PWDNYE4ANSNu1_0f048789-a69b-4c47-92e7-26a2f36b58a7-683x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-138\" srcset=\"https:\/\/lapasa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/BlYWQUAPdzQ6z99PWDNYE4ANSNu1_0f048789-a69b-4c47-92e7-26a2f36b58a7-683x1024.png 683w, https:\/\/lapasa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/BlYWQUAPdzQ6z99PWDNYE4ANSNu1_0f048789-a69b-4c47-92e7-26a2f36b58a7-200x300.png 200w, https:\/\/lapasa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/BlYWQUAPdzQ6z99PWDNYE4ANSNu1_0f048789-a69b-4c47-92e7-26a2f36b58a7-768x1152.png 768w, https:\/\/lapasa.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/BlYWQUAPdzQ6z99PWDNYE4ANSNu1_0f048789-a69b-4c47-92e7-26a2f36b58a7.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z czego sk\u0142ada si\u0119 narz\u0105d \u017cucia?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">W jego sk\u0142ad wchodz\u0105:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>z\u0119by i przyz\u0119bie,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>szcz\u0119ka i \u017cuchwa,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>stawy skroniowo-\u017cuchwowe,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>mi\u0119\u015bnie \u017cucia,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>j\u0119zyk,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>wargi, policzki i podniebienie,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u015blinianki i \u015blina,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>nerwy oraz o\u015brodki m\u00f3zgowe steruj\u0105ce ruchem i czuciem.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Uk\u0142ad ten dzia\u0142a jako ca\u0142o\u015b\u0107. Nie mo\u017cna rozpatrywa\u0107 z\u0119b\u00f3w w oderwaniu od staw\u00f3w, mi\u0119\u015bni i uk\u0142adu nerwowego, poniewa\u017c prawid\u0142owe \u017cucie wymaga ich precyzyjnej wsp\u00f3\u0142pracy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Uk\u0142adu stomatognatycznego Narz\u0105d \u017cucia nie dzia\u0142a samodzielnie. Jest cz\u0119\u015bci\u0105 uk\u0142adu stomatognatycznego, kt\u00f3ry wsp\u00f3\u0142pracuje z kilkoma uk\u0142adami organizmu. Dzi\u0119ki tej wsp\u00f3\u0142pracy mo\u017cliwe s\u0105: pobieranie, rozdrabnianie i po\u0142ykanie pokarmu, mowa, oddychanie oraz ochrona dr\u00f3g oddechowych. Narz\u0105d \u017cucia \u2014 nazywany tak\u017ce uk\u0142adem stomatognatycznym \u2014 to zesp\u00f3\u0142 narz\u0105d\u00f3w i tkanek odpowiedzialnych przede wszystkim za odgryzanie, rozdrabnianie i przygotowanie pokarmu [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":161,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-159","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-edukacja"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lapasa.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/159","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lapasa.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lapasa.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lapasa.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lapasa.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=159"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/lapasa.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/159\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":162,"href":"https:\/\/lapasa.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/159\/revisions\/162"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lapasa.pl\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/161"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lapasa.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=159"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lapasa.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=159"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lapasa.pl\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=159"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}